Jan Odstrčilík’s traditional research focuses on late medieval sermons in general, and on Latin–Czech code-switching in preaching in particular. He also explores a wide range of other topics, from medieval didactics to the work of the nineteenth-century Czech Viennese scholar Alois Vojtěch Šembera.

Since 2025, he has been the coordinator of the Digital Lab at the Institute for Medieval Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and a co-coordinator of the Machine Learning Topical Platform (MLA2S) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.